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// Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//! Submodule for device dehydration support.
//!
//! Dehydrated devices intend to solve the use-case where users might want to
//! frequently delete their device, in which case other users won't be able to
//! send end-to-end encrypted messages to them as no device exists to receive
//! and decrypt them.
//!
//! A dehydrated device is a kind-of omnipresent virtual device that lives on
//! the homeserver. A dehydrated device acts as a normal device from the
//! point of view of other devices. It uploads device and one-time keys to
//! the homeserver which other devices can download and start 1-to-1 encrypted
//! sessions with the device just like with any other device.
//!
//! The one important difference is that the private parts of the uploaded
//! device and one-time keys are encrypted and uploaded to the homeserver as
//! well.
//!
//! Once the user creates a new real device, the real device can download the
//! private keys of the dehydrated device from the homeserver, decrypt them and
//! download all the encrypted to-device events the dehydrated device has
//! received. This process is called rehydration.
//!
//! After the rehydration process is completed, the user's real device should
//! create a new dehydrated device.
// TODO: Once a device has been rehydrated it might need to download and decrypt
// a lot of to-device events. This process might take some time and we should
// support resuming it.
use std::sync::Arc;
use hkdf::Hkdf;
use ruma::{
api::client::dehydrated_device::{put_dehydrated_device, DehydratedDeviceData},
assign,
events::AnyToDeviceEvent,
serde::Raw,
DeviceId,
};
use sha2::Sha256;
use thiserror::Error;
use tracing::{instrument, trace};
use vodozemac::LibolmPickleError;
use crate::{
store::{CryptoStoreWrapper, MemoryStore, RoomKeyInfo, Store},
verification::VerificationMachine,
Account, CryptoStoreError, EncryptionSyncChanges, OlmError, OlmMachine, SignatureError,
};
/// Error type for device dehydration issues.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
pub enum DehydrationError {
/// The dehydrated device could not be unpickled.
#[error(transparent)]
Pickle(#[from] LibolmPickleError),
/// The dehydrated device could not be signed by our user identity,
/// we're missing the self-signing key.
#[error("The self-signing key is missing, can't create a dehydrated device")]
MissingSigningKey(#[from] SignatureError),
/// We could not deserialize the dehydrated device data.
#[error(transparent)]
Json(#[from] serde_json::Error),
/// The store ran into an error.
#[error(transparent)]
Store(#[from] CryptoStoreError),
}
/// Struct collecting methods to create and rehydrate dehydrated devices.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct DehydratedDevices {
pub(crate) inner: OlmMachine,
}
impl DehydratedDevices {
/// Create a new [`DehydratedDevice`] which can be uploaded to the server.
pub async fn create(&self) -> Result<DehydratedDevice, DehydrationError> {
let user_id = self.inner.user_id();
let user_identity = self.inner.store().private_identity();
let account = Account::new_dehydrated(user_id);
let store =
Arc::new(CryptoStoreWrapper::new(user_id, account.device_id(), MemoryStore::new()));
let verification_machine = VerificationMachine::new(
account.static_data().clone(),
user_identity.clone(),
store.clone(),
);
let store =
Store::new(account.static_data().clone(), user_identity, store, verification_machine);
store.save_pending_changes(crate::store::PendingChanges { account: Some(account) }).await?;
Ok(DehydratedDevice { store })
}
/// Rehydrate the dehydrated device.
///
/// Once rehydrated, to-device events can be pushed into the
/// [`RehydratedDevice`] to collect the room keys the device has
/// received.
///
/// For more info see the example for the
/// [`RehydratedDevice::receive_events()`] method.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `pickle_key` - The encryption key that was used to encrypt the private
/// parts of the identity keys, and one-time keys of the device.
///
/// * `device_id` - The unique identifier of the device.
///
/// * `device_data` - The encrypted data of the device, containing the
/// private keys of the device.
pub async fn rehydrate(
&self,
pickle_key: &[u8; 32],
device_id: &DeviceId,
device_data: Raw<DehydratedDeviceData>,
) -> Result<RehydratedDevice, DehydrationError> {
let pickle_key = expand_pickle_key(pickle_key, device_id);
let rehydrated = self.inner.rehydrate(&pickle_key, device_id, device_data).await?;
Ok(RehydratedDevice { rehydrated, original: self.inner.to_owned() })
}
}
/// A rehydraded device.
///
/// This device can now receive to-device events to decrypt and gather room keys
/// which were sent to the dehydrated device.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct RehydratedDevice {
rehydrated: OlmMachine,
original: OlmMachine,
}
impl RehydratedDevice {
/// Feed to-device events the device was supposed to receive into the
/// [`RehydratedDevice`].
///
/// Most to-device events we feed into the [`RehydratedDevice`] will contain
/// room keys, the rehydrated device will pass these room keys into our
/// own [`OlmMachine`] which will persist them and make the room keys
/// available for use using the usual
/// [`OlmMachine::decrypt_room_event()`] method.
///
/// Once the homeserver returns a response without any to-device events, we
/// can safely delete the current dehydrated device and create a new one.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// # use anyhow::Result;
/// # use matrix_sdk_crypto::OlmMachine;
/// # use ruma::{api::client::dehydrated_device, DeviceId};
/// # async fn example() -> Result<()> {
/// # let machine: OlmMachine = unimplemented!();
/// async fn get_dehydrated_device() -> Result<dehydrated_device::get_dehydrated_device::unstable::Response> {
/// todo!("Download the dehydrated device");
/// }
///
/// async fn get_events(
/// device_id: &DeviceId,
/// since_token: Option<&str>
/// ) -> Result<dehydrated_device::get_events::unstable::Response> {
/// todo!("Download the to-device events of the dehydrated device");
/// }
///
/// // Don't use a zero key for real.
/// let pickle_key = [0u8; 32];
///
/// // Fetch the dehydrated device from the server.
/// let response = get_dehydrated_device().await?;
/// let device_id = response.device_id;
///
/// // Rehydrate the device.
/// let rehydrated = machine
/// .dehydrated_devices()
/// .rehydrate(&pickle_key, &device_id, response.device_data)
/// .await?;
///
/// let mut since_token = None;
/// let mut imported_room_keys = 0;
///
/// loop {
/// let response =
/// get_events(&device_id, since_token).await?;
///
/// if response.events.is_empty() {
/// break;
/// }
///
/// since_token = response.next_batch.as_deref();
/// imported_room_keys += rehydrated.receive_events(response.events).await?.len();
/// }
///
/// println!("Successfully imported {imported_room_keys} from the dehydrated device.");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[instrument(
skip_all,
fields(
user_id = ?self.original.user_id(),
rehydrated_device_id = ?self.rehydrated.device_id(),
original_device_id = ?self.original.device_id()
)
)]
pub async fn receive_events(
&self,
events: Vec<Raw<AnyToDeviceEvent>>,
) -> Result<Vec<RoomKeyInfo>, OlmError> {
trace!("Receiving events for a rehydrated Device");
let sync_changes = EncryptionSyncChanges {
to_device_events: events,
next_batch_token: None,
one_time_keys_counts: &Default::default(),
changed_devices: &Default::default(),
unused_fallback_keys: None,
};
// Let us first give the events to the rehydrated device, this will decrypt any
// encrypted to-device events and fetch out the room keys.
let mut rehydrated_transaction = self.rehydrated.store().transaction().await;
let (_, changes) = self
.rehydrated
.preprocess_sync_changes(&mut rehydrated_transaction, sync_changes)
.await?;
// Now take the room keys and persist them in our original `OlmMachine`.
let room_keys = &changes.inbound_group_sessions;
let updates = room_keys.iter().map(Into::into).collect();
trace!(room_key_count = room_keys.len(), "Collected room keys from the rehydrated device");
self.original.store().save_inbound_group_sessions(room_keys).await?;
rehydrated_transaction.commit().await?;
self.rehydrated.store().save_changes(changes).await?;
Ok(updates)
}
}
/// A dehydrated device that can uploaded to the homeserver.
///
/// To upload the dehydrated device take a look at the
/// [`DehydratedDevice::keys_for_upload()`] method.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct DehydratedDevice {
store: Store,
}
impl DehydratedDevice {
/// Get the request to upload the dehydrated device.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `initial_device_display_name` - The human-readable name this device
/// should have.
/// * `pickle_key` - The encryption key that should be used to encrypt the
/// private parts of the identity keys, and one-time keys of the device.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// # use matrix_sdk_crypto::OlmMachine;
/// # async fn example() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
/// # let machine: OlmMachine = unimplemented!();
/// // Don't use a zero key for real.
/// let pickle_key = [0u8; 32];
///
/// // Create the dehydrated device.
/// let device = machine.dehydrated_devices().create().await?;
///
/// // Create the request that should upload the device.
/// let request = device
/// .keys_for_upload("Dehydrated device".to_owned(), &pickle_key)
/// .await?;
///
/// // Send the request out using your HTTP client.
/// // client.send(request).await?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[instrument(
skip_all, fields(
user_id = ?self.store.static_account().user_id,
device_id = ?self.store.static_account().device_id,
identity_keys = ?self.store.static_account().identity_keys,
)
)]
pub async fn keys_for_upload(
&self,
initial_device_display_name: String,
pickle_key: &[u8; 32],
) -> Result<put_dehydrated_device::unstable::Request, DehydrationError> {
let mut transaction = self.store.transaction().await;
let account = transaction.account().await?;
account.generate_fallback_key_if_needed();
let (device_keys, one_time_keys, fallback_keys) = account.keys_for_upload();
let mut device_keys = device_keys
.expect("We should always try to upload device keys for a dehydrated device.");
self.store.private_identity().lock().await.sign_device_keys(&mut device_keys).await?;
trace!("Creating an upload request for a dehydrated device");
let pickle_key = expand_pickle_key(pickle_key, &self.store.static_account().device_id);
let device_id = self.store.static_account().device_id.clone();
let device_data = account.dehydrate(&pickle_key);
let initial_device_display_name = Some(initial_device_display_name);
transaction.commit().await?;
Ok(
assign!(put_dehydrated_device::unstable::Request::new(device_id, device_data, device_keys.to_raw()), {
one_time_keys, fallback_keys, initial_device_display_name
}),
)
}
}
/// We're using the libolm-compatible pickle format and its encryption scheme.
///
/// The libolm pickle encryption scheme uses HKDF to deterministically expand an
/// input key material, usually 32 bytes, into a AES key, MAC key, and the
/// initialization vector (IV).
///
/// This means that the same input key material will always end up producing the
/// same AES key, and IV.
///
/// This encryption scheme is used in the Olm double ratchet and was designed to
/// minimize the size of the ciphertext. As a tradeof, it requires a unique
/// input key material for each plaintext that gets encrypted, otherwise IV
/// reuse happens.
///
/// To combat the IV reuse, we're going to create a per-dehydrated-device unique
/// pickle key by expanding the key itself with the device ID used as the salt.
fn expand_pickle_key(key: &[u8; 32], device_id: &DeviceId) -> Box<[u8; 32]> {
// TODO: Perhaps we should put this into vodozemac with a new pickle
// minimalistic pickle format using the [`matrix_pickle`] crate.
//
// [`matrix_pickle`]: https://docs.rs/matrix-pickle/latest/matrix_pickle/
let kdf: Hkdf<Sha256> = Hkdf::new(Some(device_id.as_bytes()), key);
let mut key = Box::new([0u8; 32]);
kdf.expand(b"dehydrated-device-pickle-key", key.as_mut_slice())
.expect("We should be able to expand the 32 byte pickle key");
key
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use std::{collections::BTreeMap, iter};
use js_option::JsOption;
use matrix_sdk_test::async_test;
use ruma::{
api::client::keys::get_keys::v3::Response as KeysQueryResponse, assign,
encryption::DeviceKeys, events::AnyToDeviceEvent, room_id, serde::Raw, user_id, DeviceId,
RoomId, TransactionId, UserId,
};
use crate::{
machine::{
test_helpers::{create_session, get_prepared_machine_test_helper},
tests::to_device_requests_to_content,
},
olm::OutboundGroupSession,
types::{events::ToDeviceEvent, DeviceKeys as DeviceKeysType},
utilities::json_convert,
EncryptionSettings, OlmMachine,
};
const PICKLE_KEY: &[u8; 32] = &[0u8; 32];
fn user_id() -> &'static UserId {
user_id!("@alice:localhost")
}
async fn get_olm_machine() -> OlmMachine {
let (olm_machine, _) = get_prepared_machine_test_helper(user_id(), false).await;
olm_machine.bootstrap_cross_signing(false).await.unwrap();
olm_machine
}
// Insert some device keys into a [`OlmMachine`] making the [`Device`] available
// to the [`OlmMachine`].
async fn receive_device_keys(
olm_machine: &OlmMachine,
user_id: &UserId,
device_id: &DeviceId,
device_keys: Raw<DeviceKeys>,
) {
let device_keys = BTreeMap::from([(device_id.to_owned(), device_keys)]);
let keys_query_response = assign!(
KeysQueryResponse::new(), {
device_keys: BTreeMap::from([(user_id.to_owned(), device_keys)]),
}
);
olm_machine
.mark_request_as_sent(&TransactionId::new(), &keys_query_response)
.await
.unwrap();
}
async fn send_room_key(
machine: &OlmMachine,
room_id: &RoomId,
recipient: &UserId,
) -> (Raw<AnyToDeviceEvent>, OutboundGroupSession) {
let to_device_requests = machine
.share_room_key(room_id, iter::once(recipient), EncryptionSettings::default())
.await
.unwrap();
let event = ToDeviceEvent::new(
user_id().to_owned(),
to_device_requests_to_content(to_device_requests),
);
let session =
machine.inner.group_session_manager.get_outbound_group_session(room_id).expect(
"An outbound group session should have been created when the room key was shared",
);
(
json_convert(&event)
.expect("We should be able to convert the to-device event into it's Raw variatn"),
session,
)
}
#[async_test]
async fn test_dehydrated_device_creation() {
let olm_machine = get_olm_machine().await;
let dehydrated_device = olm_machine.dehydrated_devices().create().await.unwrap();
let request = dehydrated_device
.keys_for_upload("Foo".to_owned(), PICKLE_KEY)
.await
.expect("We should be able to create a request to upload a dehydrated device");
assert!(
!request.one_time_keys.is_empty(),
"The dehydrated device creation request should contain some one-time keys"
);
assert!(
!request.fallback_keys.is_empty(),
"The dehydrated device creation request should contain some fallback keys"
);
let device_keys: DeviceKeysType = request.device_keys.deserialize_as().unwrap();
assert_eq!(
device_keys.dehydrated,
JsOption::Some(true),
"The device keys of the dehydrated device should be marked as dehydrated."
);
}
#[async_test]
async fn test_dehydrated_device_rehydration() {
let room_id = room_id!("!test:example.org");
let alice = get_olm_machine().await;
let dehydrated_device = alice.dehydrated_devices().create().await.unwrap();
let mut request = dehydrated_device
.keys_for_upload("Foo".to_owned(), PICKLE_KEY)
.await
.expect("We should be able to create a request to upload a dehydrated device");
let (key_id, one_time_key) = request
.one_time_keys
.pop_first()
.expect("The dehydrated device creation request should contain a one-time key");
// Ensure that we know about the public keys of the dehydrated device.
receive_device_keys(&alice, user_id(), &request.device_id, request.device_keys).await;
// Create a 1-to-1 Olm session with the dehydrated device.
create_session(&alice, user_id(), &request.device_id, key_id, one_time_key).await;
// Send a room key to the dehydrated device.
let (event, group_session) = send_room_key(&alice, room_id, user_id()).await;
// Let's now create a new `OlmMachine` which doesn't know about the room key.
let bob = get_olm_machine().await;
let room_key = bob
.store()
.get_inbound_group_session(room_id, group_session.session_id())
.await
.unwrap();
assert!(
room_key.is_none(),
"We should not have access to the room key that was only sent to the dehydrated device"
);
// Rehydrate the device.
let rehydrated = bob
.dehydrated_devices()
.rehydrate(PICKLE_KEY, &request.device_id, request.device_data)
.await
.expect("We should be able to rehydrate the device");
assert_eq!(rehydrated.rehydrated.device_id(), request.device_id);
assert_eq!(rehydrated.original.device_id(), alice.device_id());
// Push the to-device event containing the room key into the rehydrated device.
let ret = rehydrated
.receive_events(vec![event])
.await
.expect("We should be able to push to-device events into the rehydrated device");
assert_eq!(ret.len(), 1, "The rehydrated device should have imported a room key");
// The `OlmMachine` now does know about the room key since the rehydrated device
// shared it with us.
let room_key = bob
.store()
.get_inbound_group_session(room_id, group_session.session_id())
.await
.unwrap()
.expect("We should now have access to the room key, since the rehydrated device imported it for us");
assert_eq!(
room_key.session_id(),
group_session.session_id(),
"The session ids of the imported room key and the outbound group session should match"
);
}
}